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MySQL配置参数优化指南
以下是基于实际应用场景对MySQL服务器配置参数的优化建议,旨在提升数据库性能和稳定性。
1. 数据库连接配置
- port: 3306
- socket: /tmp/mysql.sock
- bind-address: 0.0.0.0
- server-id: 1
2. MySQL运行环境
- basedir: /usr/local/mysql
- datadir: /data/mysql
- pid-file: /data/mysql/mysql.pid
- user: mysql
3. 性能优化参数
- skip-name-resolve: 禁止MySQL对外部连接进行DNS解析,提高连接效率。
- back_log: 600
- max_connections: 1000
- max_connect_errors: 6000
- open_files_limit: 65535
- table_open_cache: 128
4. 数据存储和缓存
- max_allowed_packet: 4M
- binlog_cache_size: 1M
- max_heap_table_size: 8M
- tmp_table_size: 16M
- read_buffer_size: 2M
- read_rnd_buffer_size: 8M
- sort_buffer_size: 8M
- join_buffer_size: 8M
5. 事务和日志配置
- transaction_isolation: REPEATABLE-READ
- log_bin: mysql-bin
- binlog_format: mixed
- expire_logs_days: 30
- log_error: /data/mysql/mysql-error.log
- slow_query_log: 1
- long_query_time: 1
6. InnoDB存储引擎
- innodb_file_per_table: 1
- innodb_open_files: 500
- innodb_buffer_pool_size: 64M
- innodb_write_io_threads: 4
- innodb_read_io_threads: 4
- innodb_thread_concurrency: 0
- innodb_purge_threads: 1
- innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit: 1
- innodb_log_buffer_size: 2M
- innodb_log_file_size: 32M
- innodb_log_files_in_group: 3
- innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct: 90
- innodb_lock_wait_timeout: 120
7. 性能调优
- bulk_insert_buffer_size: 8M
- myisam_sort_buffer_size: 8M
- myisam_max_sort_file_size: 10G
- myisam_repair_threads: 1
8. 连接管理
- interactive_timeout: 28800
- wait_timeout: 28800
9. 数据备份与恢复
10. 其他配置
- ft_min_word_len: 4
- default-storage-engine: InnoDB
- skip-external-locking: 1
- explicit_defaults_for_timestamp: 1
11. MyISAM存储引擎
- key_buffer_size: 4M
- sort_buffer_size: 8M
12. 环境优化建议
- thread_cache_size: 8
- query_cache_size: 8M
- query_cache_limit: 2M
通过合理设置以上参数,可以显著提升MySQL的性能表现和稳定性。在实际应用中,建议根据具体环境需求和硬件资源进行调整,并通过监控数据库状态(如SHOW STATUS LIKE 'key_read%')来优化参数配置。
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